TightDrop

West Berlin

2005-11-18T09:45:00.000-08:00

The western half of the German city of Berlin (q.v.), which until the reunification of the German state in 1990 was treated as a city and Land (state) of the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany), though it was not constitutionally part of that nation.

Karbala', Battle Of

2005-10-16T06:15:00.000-07:00

(Oct. 10, 680 [10th of Muharran AH 61]), brief military engagement in which Husayn ibn 'Ali, grandson of the Prophet Muhammad and pretender to the caliphate, was defeated and killed by an army sent by the Umayyad caliph Yazid I. The battle helped secure the position of the Umayyads, but, among Shi'ite Muslims, followers of Husayn, the 10th of Muharran (or 'Ashura') became an annual holy day of public

Argentina, Colonial centres

2005-07-27T09:20:00.000-07:00

San Miguel de Tucumán's leadership lasted from the latter

Sabot

2005-07-25T14:35:00.000-07:00

Variations of the sabot—wooden-soled shoes topped with a variety of materials such as leather and suede—became popular

Porsangen

2005-07-23T03:20:00.000-07:00

Fjord, indenting the coast of Finmark fylke (county), extreme northern Norway on the Arctic Ocean. An inlet of the Barents Sea, the fjord is approximately 80 mi (130 km) long and lies well north of the Arctic Circle. Adjacent to the mouth of the fjord is a largely uninhabited area, Sværholtklubben, which serves as home to thousands of seabirds. Many islands are found in Porsangen;

Güyük

2005-07-06T05:15:00.000-07:00

Güyük was elected to the throne in 1246, partly through the maneuvering of his mother. He was strongly influenced by Nestorianism, a form of Christianity considered a heresy by Western Christians, and he favoured Christian

Dominance

2005-06-29T05:20:00.000-07:00

In genetics, greater influence by one of a pair of genes (alleles) that affect the same inherited character. If an individual pea plant with the alleles T and t (T = tallness, t = shortness) is the same height as a TT individual, the T allele (and the trait of tallness) is said to be completely dominant; if the Tt individual is shorter than the TT but still taller than the tt individual,

Atholl, John Stewart, 4th Earl Of

2005-06-15T22:30:00.000-07:00

The son of John Stewart, the 3rd Earl of Atholl in the Stewart line (whom he succeeded in 1542), Atholl was particularly trusted by Mary Stuart; but, after the murder of Mary's husband Lord Darnley in 1567, he joined the Protestant lords against her

India, Regional states, c. 17001850

2005-06-03T07:20:00.000-07:00

The states that arose in India during the phase of Mughal decline and the following century (roughly 1700 to 1850) varied greatly in terms of resources, longevity, and essential character. Some of them—such as Avadh (Ayodhya) in the north or Hyderabad in the south—were located in areas that had harboured regional states in the immediate pre-Mughal period and thus could hark back

Bhangra

2005-06-01T01:45:00.000-07:00

Dancers in pairs give spontaneous solo displays that include virile jumps and even

Karaji, Al-

2005-05-17T16:55:00.000-07:00

Also known as al-Karkhi, in full, Abu Bakr ibn Muhammad ibn al-Husayn al-Karaji mathematician and engineer who held an official position in Baghdad (c. 1010–1015), perhaps culminating in the position of vizier, during which time he wrote his three main works, al-Fakhri fi'l-jabr wa'l-muqabala (“Glorious on algebra”), al-Badi‘ fi'l-hisab (“Wonderful on calculation”), and al-Kafi fi'l-hisab (“Sufficient on calculation”). A

Wu-hsing

2005-05-15T22:35:00.000-07:00

The city was established as a county, Wu-ch'eng, in

Smith, Seba

2005-05-13T20:30:00.000-07:00

A graduate of Bowdoin College, Smith founded (1829) the Portland Courier, in which the Major's fictional letters first appeared in January 1830, continuing later in the National Intelligencer until July 1853. Major Jack was a common man magnified as oracle, a Yankee

2005-05-07T13:02:00.000-07:00

hi guys,

Just had a great weekend in Madrid. I was out there collecting some artwork to hang on my walls. Madrid has the greatest quantity of stock ing 20c artists work. I'm into Litho's (budget allowing) and have picked up a few this last week. I also left a great many behind that i am sure that i will soon regret. But hey, such is life!

Anyway, back in London and I am now lookiong for a new office. We're currently based in Oxford circus but the lease is up. We're going to move next month. I expect we'll take a short trundle down the road to deepest mayfair. We've been searching on Need Offices for some locations and think we may have found something. After calling these guys and realising they're based round the corner we allowed them to take an advanced roll in sorting us out.

Planning another trip to Madrid soon to pick up more works. Once the office is sorted then I'm off. Dali will soon be hanging on my wall (excuse the pun)!!

parlez anon

Bring me my wine

2005-04-05T07:27:00.000-07:00

Hi there,

I've been posting mundane stuff for ages now and nobody is will to tlisten to me. I can't pretend I'm not upset. I am so upset that I recently visited trusty old Uvine and bought some fine wine .

I've been learning Spanish of late in my new home in the quiet and subdued borough of London's SE1. Now I bought this fine establishment from a rather funny chap in Clerkenwell. He was a little rotund and longed to be a Peer of the Realm. Fat chance but he sells good houses, yes he does!

Incident in Chiswick London

2005-03-15T03:27:00.000-08:00

There was an incident in Chiswick last night that totally freaked me out.... Was anybody else out there last night?

This is a UK post to London.

Amphetamine and 80's Clubbing

2005-03-14T03:29:00.000-08:00

Prototype of a series of synthetic drugs, all called amphetamines, that have pronounced stimulatory actions on the central nervous system. Amphetamine itself is a colourless liquid with an acrid taste and a faint odour; the most widely used preparation of the drug is amphetamine sulfate, marketed under the name Benzedrine, a white powder with a slightly bitter taste that make you stay up for hours. I used to take load of it in the 1980's but now I'm clean. It really screwed me up for quite a while. I remember being pumped on it in London and Paris at various nightclubs... white gloves and a whistle... you get me? Oh yeah, they were the days of wired for sound on speed.

Mind you these days I'm a herbal tea man but I still like to look back with nostalgia and grind my teeth at the very thought. Talking of teeth mine turned a funny yellow and I have since had to have them bleached at my local dentist in Godstone.

Has anybody got any good stories from their mad days clubbing in the eighties and nineties?

My wayward strolls through East London

2005-03-11T02:38:00.000-08:00

I had a wonderful time in the 60's and was part of the whole Ronnie & Reggie scene. They were a couple of naghty fellows. My name at the time was BeezWax. This was on account of my tendency to tell awful lies and nothing would stick.

I used to live near Whitechapel and was often caught in a fraca or two... things always tended to get a bit messy. i know have a job working in Stratford and am consdierably quieter. Don't know why I am writing this but it would seem a nice place to get something off my chest.

Furnivall, Frederick James

2005-03-07T13:43:00.000-08:00

English literary scholar who, partly by his own efforts in textual criticism and partly by founding learned societies, especially the Early English Text Society, was instrumental in initiating a major revival in the study of medieval English literature. Though he first studied law and was called to the bar in 1849, he came to divide his estate between his six children. The most exclusive of the properties was positioned in London's affluent Pimlico and was sold at auction through a local estate agent in 1901.

Can anyone tell me what happened to the family. I have a distant relative but have found no information that can tie us togeher.

Many thanks

Chong Yak-jong

2005-03-06T03:28:00.000-08:00

Born to a family noted for its scholarly background, Chong was converted to Roman Catholicism by the Chinese priest Chou Wen-mu (James

Computers, The personal computer revolution

2005-03-05T08:32:00.000-08:00

Michael S. Malone, The Big Score: The Billion-Dollar Story of Silicon Valley (1985), explains how the invention of the semiconductor transformed Silicon Valley.

Eindhoven

2005-03-04T11:11:00.000-08:00

Eindhoven was chartered in 1232 by Henry I, duke of Brabant. It developed after 1900 from a small village into one of the largest industrial centres of The Netherlands. In 1920 five adjoining municipalities were annexed, thereby increasing Eindhoven's

Gryphaea

2005-03-04T01:06:00.000-08:00

Extinct molluskan genus found as fossils in rocks from the Jurassic period to the Eocene epoch (between 208 million and 36.6 million years ago). Related to the oysters, Gryphaea is characterized by its distinctively convoluted shape. The left valve, or shell, was much larger and more convoluted than the flattish right valve. Fine markings extended across the shell

Rhizopod

2005-03-03T11:25:00.000-08:00

Any member of the protozoan superclass Rhizopoda. Three types of pseudopodia (cytoplasmic extensions) used in locomotion and digestion are found in members of this superclass: (1) long, thin reticulopodia, which fuse into a network; (2) nonfusing filopodia, similar to reticulopodia; and (3) blunt and fingerlike lobopodia (the pseudopodia formed by Amoeba). Tests (protective

Ch�teau

2005-03-02T16:03:00.000-08:00

Originally, ch�teaus functioned as feudal communities; but with the rise of secular prosperity in the 14th century, the restrictive manorial system

Coimbra

2005-03-02T10:34:00.000-08:00

City, capital, and concelho (municipality), Coimbra district, north-central Portugal, on the northern bank of the Mondego River. A 4th-century Latin inscription identifies Coimbra with Aeminium, while Condeixa, 8 miles (13 km) southwest, was the ancient Conimbriga or Conimbrica. Aeminium was for more than a century a Moorish stronghold, but in 878 it was recaptured by Alfonso III

Calarc�

2005-03-01T19:36:00.000-08:00

City, northeastern Quind�o department, Colombia, on the western slopes of the Andean Cordillera (mountains) Central, at 5,039 ft (1,536 m) above sea level. Like neighbouring Armenia, the departmental capital, it is an important coffee-growing centre. Calarc� is on the major highway that crosses the Boquer�n (pass) del Quind�o to Ibagu�, capital of Tolima department. Pop. (1973) city, 32,533; mun., 54,658.

Asher Ben Jehiel

2005-03-01T16:57:00.000-08:00

When the German authorities began to persecute the Jews, Asher fled to France and then to Spain. With the help of Rabbi Solomon ben Adret, one of the most influential

Ear, Human, Detection of angular acceleration: dynamic equilibrium

2005-02-28T15:17:00.000-08:00

Because the three semicircular canals - superior, posterior, and horizontal - are positioned at right angles to one another, they are able to detect movements in three-dimensional space (see Anatomy of the human ear: Inner ear: Semicircular canals). When the head begins to rotate in any direction, the inertia of the endolymph causes it to lag behind, exerting pressure that

Abraham, Plains Of

2005-02-28T06:43:00.000-08:00

Also called �Heights Of Abraham, �French �Plaines D'abraham, � plains in Qu�bec region, southern Quebec province, Canada. The plains lie at the western edge of the old walled city, overlooking the St. Lawrence River. The plateau was the scene of a battle (Sept. 13, 1759) between the French under the Marquis de Montcalm and the British under James Wolfe in which both leaders were killed but which secured Quebec for the British. Named for Abraham

Ahmet Pasa Bursali

2005-02-27T16:07:00.000-08:00

Born into a prominent family, Ahmet Pasa received a classical Islamic education and was appointed as a teacher in the madrasah (religious college) in the city of Bursa. In 1451 he became judge of the city of Edirne. With the accession of Sultan Mehmet II (1451 - 81), he became qadi 'asker (�military

Houston, Sam

2005-02-27T13:56:00.000-08:00

In his youth Houston moved with his family to a farm in rural Tennessee after the death of his father in 1807. He ran away in his mid-teens and lived for nearly three years with

Kadamba Family

2005-02-26T23:26:00.000-08:00

Their chroniclers claim that the family migrated from northern India, but other records suggest that they were indigenous to Kuntala (Northern Kanara). An early inscription, the accuracy of which is unknown, describes the dynastic

Holbach, Paul-henri Dietrich, Baron D'

2005-02-26T20:36:00.000-08:00

French encyclopaedist and philosopher, a celebrated exponent of atheism and Materialism, whose inherited wealth allowed him to entertain many of the noted philosophers of the day, some of whom (Comte de Buffon, J.-J. Rousseau, d'Alembert) reportedly withdrew from his gatherings, frightened by the audacity

Sashimi

2005-02-25T17:33:00.000-08:00

Specialty of Japanese cuisine, fresh fish served raw. The fish, which must be utterly fresh, is sliced paper thin or alternately one-quarter to one-half inch (0.75 - 1.5 centimetres) thick, cubed, or cut in strips, according to the nature of the fish. The sashimi is accompanied by wasabi (green horseradish paste) and soy sauce. Sashimi is always part of a formal Japanese meal, served early

Rob Roy

2005-02-25T02:52:00.000-08:00

Rob's father, Donald MacGregor, a younger

Alimony

2005-02-24T23:47:00.000-08:00

In divorce law, compensation owed by one spouse to the other for financial support after divorce. Alimony aims at support of the one spouse, not punishment of the other. In some places, the term means simply a property settlement irrespective of future support. Alimony has traditionally been granted from husbands to wives but has occasionally been granted from wives

Earth, Paleomagnetism

2005-02-24T10:45:00.000-08:00

All rocks contain what is referred to as natural remanent magnetism. This property is due to magnetism acquired by iron-bearing minerals during the cooling and crystallization of an igneous rock, to the formation of iron-bearing minerals at low temperatures during the weathering of previously formed minerals, to the rotation of iron-bearing minerals during

Priesthood, Hinduism

2005-02-23T20:01:00.000-08:00

In Vedic India, the early period of Hinduism, when the priestly caste (Brahman, or Brahmana) was vested in a particular tribe or special class, it occupied the primary place of importance in the segmentation of Hindu society. The king was subordinate in some respects to the Brahmans, though at one time both sometimes were chosen from the Ksatriya, or warrior caste. Nevertheless,

Hypoxia

2005-02-23T09:30:00.000-08:00

Condition of the body in which the tissues are starved of oxygen. In its extreme form, where oxygen is entirely absent, the condition is called anoxia. There are four types of hypoxia: (1) the hypoxemic type, in which the oxygen pressure in the blood going to the tissues is too low to saturate the hemoglobin; (2) the anemic type, in which the amount of functional hemoglobin is too

Mufti, Sa'id Al-

2005-02-22T19:46:00.000-08:00

In 1924 al-Mufti entered local government service in Amman, where he vigorously opposed British rule. He joined the governing cabinet of Transjordan (later Jordan) as minister of communications

Asian Games

2005-02-22T01:09:00.000-08:00

The first games were held in 1951 at New Delhi; from 1954 they were held every four years. Athletes from 11 nations participated in the inaugural

Density

2005-02-21T20:55:00.000-08:00

Mass of a unit volume of a material substance, expressed as kilograms per cubic metre in MKS or SI units; the densities of common solids, liquids, and gases are listed in textbooks and handbooks. Density offers a convenient means of obtaining the mass of a body from its volume or vice versa; the mass is equal to the volume multiplied by the density, while the volume is equal

Nabighah, An-

2005-02-21T00:40:00.000-08:00

Nabighah belonged to the tribe of Dhubyan. The origin of his name is uncertain, as are details of his early life. He lived in luxury and favour for many years at the court of the Lakhmid Arab kings of al-Hirah in Iraq, incurring the jealousy of the other courtiers. According to one story, which seems to

Medicine, History Of, Hellenistic and Roman medicine

2005-02-20T16:11:00.000-08:00

In the following century the work of Aristotle, regarded as the first great biologist, was of inestimable value to medicine. A pupil of Plato at Athens and tutor to Alexander the Great, Aristotle studied the entire world of living things. He laid what can be identified as the foundations of comparative anatomy and embryology, and his views influenced scientific thinking

Density

2005-02-20T14:43:00.000-08:00

Guinea

2005-02-18T15:05:00.000-08:00

The shortage

Arenite

2005-02-18T00:43:00.000-08:00

Any sedimentary rock that consists of sand-sized particles (0.06 - 2 millimetres [0.0024 - 0.08 inch] in diameter), irrespective of composition. More formal nomenclature of such rocks is based on composition, particle size, and mode of origin - e.g., sandstone, arkose, quartzite, graywacke, and subgraywacke.

Pabst, G.w.

2005-02-17T02:44:00.000-08:00

In full �Georg Wilhelm Pabst� German film director whose films were among the most artistically successful of the 1920s. Pabst's films are marked by social and political concerns, deep psychological insight, memorable female protagonists, and human conflicts with culture and society. He is also noted for

Research And Development

2005-02-16T11:20:00.000-08:00

Abbreviation �R and D, �or �R

Catch-as-catch-can Wrestling

2005-02-16T10:51:00.000-08:00

Basic wrestling style in which nearly all holds and tactics are permitted in both upright and ground wrestling. Rules usually forbid only actions that may injure an opponent, such as strangling, kicking, gouging, and hitting with a closed fist. The object is to force the opponent into a position in which both shoulders touch the ground at the same time. Formerly known

Palestine, History Of

2005-02-15T17:19:00.000-08:00

In the Arab-Israeli war of 1967, Israel dispatched the combined forces of Egypt, Syria, and Jordan and also overran large tracts of territory, including East Jerusalem, the West Bank (known to Israelis as Judaea and Samaria), and Gaza. Israel's victory gave rise to another exodus of Palestinians, with more than 250,000 people fleeing to the East Bank of Jordan. However, roughly 600,000 Palestinians

Tribe

2005-02-15T00:58:00.000-08:00

Latin �Tribus, �plural �Tribi, � in Roman history, a unit of the Roman state. The first Roman tribes were probably ethnic in origin and consisted of the Titienses (Tities), Ramnenses (Ramnes), and Luceres. They were superseded by the creation of new local tribes (date uncertain) consisting of 4 urban tribes and 16 rural, or rustic, tribes. The latter were probably named after pagi (country districts) that were,

Huitzilopochtli

2005-02-14T21:25:00.000-08:00

Traditionally,

Tribe

2005-02-14T13:51:00.000-08:00

Alcalde

2005-02-13T21:00:00.000-08:00

(from Arabic al-qadi, �judge�), the administrative and judicial head of a town or village in Spain or in areas under Spanish control or influence. The title was applied to local government officials whose functions were various but always included a judicial element. Types of alcaldes were differentiated according to the specialized nature of their judicial functions:

Boise

2005-02-13T07:06:00.000-08:00

Boise was named by early 19th-century French-Canadian trappers for the tree-lined river (French bois�, �wooded

Yamaga Soko

2005-02-12T19:08:00.000-08:00

Original name �Yamaga Takasuke�, also called �Jingozaemon� military strategist and Confucian philosopher who set forth the first systematic exposition of the missions and obligations of the samurai (warrior) class and who made major contributions to Japanese military science. Yamaga's thought became the central core of what later came to be known as Bushido (Code of Warriors),

Aerospace Industry, The first decade

2005-02-12T17:20:00.000-08:00

The origin of the aerospace industry dates to 1903 when Wilbur and Orville Wright demonstrated an airplane capable of powered, sustained flight (see Wright flyer of 1903). The Wright brothers' success was due to detailed research and an excellent engineering-and-development approach. Their breakthrough innovation was a pilot-operated warping (twisting) of the wings to provide

Vries, Adriaen De

2005-02-11T06:08:00.000-08:00

De Vries left his homeland, where there was little interest in sculpture at the time, and he never returned. In Florence he studied under Giambologna, the leading Italian Mannerist sculptor of his day. De Vries lived for a time in Rome and later worked for Charles Emmanuel, duke of Savoy, and as court sculptor

Alaska, Health and welfare

2005-02-11T03:06:00.000-08:00

Medical and health clinics and hospitals available to the general public are provided by municipal and borough governments or private

Air Warfare, Strategic bombing

2005-02-10T08:19:00.000-08:00

The importance of ECM in long-range bombing became apparent in 1972, when U.S. B-52 Stratofortresses struck targets in North Vietnam. By flying under escort at night and at about 30,000 feet, the B-52s were reasonably safe from MiG fighters and antiaircraft guns, and Wild Weasel and chaff-dropping aircraft helped suppress the SA-2s. But the most important ECM was provided by jammers built

Crocidolite

2005-02-10T03:33:00.000-08:00

Crocidolite is often replaced

Fashoda Incident

2005-02-09T20:47:00.000-08:00

The disputes arose from the common desire of each country to link up its disparate colonial possessions in Africa. Great Britain's aim was to link Uganda to Egypt by building a railway from the Cape of Good Hope to Cairo, while France, by pushing

Wars Of Yahweh, Book Of The

2005-02-09T17:18:00.000-08:00

Lost document referred to and quoted in the Old Testament (Num. 21:14ff.). The book is probably a collection of early Israelite war songs including hymns of victory, curses, mocking songs, and other literary genres recounting the victories of Yahweh, the God of Israel, over his enemies; it indicates that biblical books rely on both written and oral tradition. Similar to the Book

Macdiarmid, Alan G.

2005-02-08T18:00:00.000-08:00

MacDiarmid earned Ph.D.'s in chemistry at the University of Wisconsin at Madison (1953) and the

Amami Great Island

2005-02-08T17:47:00.000-08:00

Japanese �Amami-o-shima, � largest island in the Amami chain of the northern Ryukyu Islands, in Kagoshima ken (prefecture), Japan. Most of the 274-square-mile (709-square-kilometre) island is mountainous and forested. A quasi-national park protects landscapes at the higher elevations. Mount Yuwan is the highest mountain at 2,276 feet (694 m). The lower, cultivated areas produce timber, sugarcane, and rice. A hydroelectric

Kempe, William

2005-02-07T21:51:00.000-08:00

The first record of Kempe as a performer is with the Earl of Leicester's Men on a tour of the Low Countries and Denmark in 1585 - 86. As

Priene

2005-02-07T04:06:00.000-08:00

By the 8th century BC Priene was a member of the Ionian League, whose central shrine, the Panionion, lay within the city's territory. Priene

Outremeuse, Jean D'

2005-02-06T02:54:00.000-08:00

D'Outremeuse was no accurate

Porpora, Nicola (antonio Giacinto)

2005-02-06T01:15:00.000-08:00

Porpora was maestro

Peradeniya Botanic Gardens

2005-02-05T07:44:00.000-08:00

Botanical garden in Peradeniya, near Kandy, Sri Lanka, noted for its rich and varied collections of tropical woody plants. Occupying 59 hectares (146 acres), it has about 4,000 species of plants. The most important specimens of the garden include palms, some of which are planted in impressive avenues. Significant, too, are the collections of orchids, gymnosperms, and flowering

Yanbu'

2005-02-05T02:52:00.000-08:00

Also spelled �Yenbo� town, western Saudi Arabia, on the Red Sea north of Jidda. It serves as the country's second Red Sea port, after Jidda, and is the main port for Medina, 100 miles (160 km) to the east. The economy of Yanbu' was traditionally based on the pilgrim trade and the export of agricultural products, especially dates. Its harbour is being enlarged and improved to ease the pressure on Jidda, and

Cyprus, Flag Of

2005-02-04T21:50:00.000-08:00

For centuries Cyprus was part of the Ottoman Empire and flew Turkish flags. By agreement with the Turkish sovereign, however, the British assumed administrative control of the island in 1878 and subsequently flew the Union Jack there. During World War I the island was annexed by the British, and other colonial flags were then introduced. For example, to the British Red

Arctic, Animals of the land and fresh water

2005-02-04T05:22:00.000-08:00

The typical and best-known Arctic land mammals and birds are those highly successful forms, most of them circumpolar in distribution, that survived the Pleistocene glaciations probably both south and north of the ice sheets: south along the ice perimeter and north in ice-free refuges such as northern Alaska, the Bering Strait (then dry land) and northeastern Siberia,

Bukittinggi

2005-02-03T15:10:00.000-08:00

Formerly �Fort De Kock, � city, Sumatera Barat provinsi (�province�), Sumatra, Indonesia. It lies at an elevation of 3,000 feet (900 m) on the Agam Plateau, a ridge of high land parallel to the coast. The city is in the Minangkabau country, one of the most scenic sections of Indonesia. Typical of the region are houses with saddle-shaped roofs, the ends pointing upward like buffalo horns. Bukittinggi is an important

'abd-us-samad, Khwaja

2005-02-03T04:34:00.000-08:00

'Abd-us-Samad was born into a family of good social standing in Iran, and he had already gained a reputation as a calligrapher

Valdivia

2005-02-02T07:32:00.000-08:00

Capital of Valdivia provincia, Los Lagos regi�n, southern Chile. It lies at the confluence of the Callecalle and Cruces rivers, which there form the Valdivia River, 11 miles (18 km) from the Pacific Ocean. Although it was founded in 1552 and was a strategically significant outpost during the colonial era, Valdivia did not flourish until after the mid-19th century, when a large influx

Orange

2005-02-01T20:59:00.000-08:00

Town (township), New Haven county, southwestern Connecticut, U.S., west of New Haven on the Housatonic River. Originally a part of Milford colony (on land bought from the Paugusset Indians and settled in 1639), it was known as North Milford. In 1822 the latter joined with part of New Haven to be incorporated as the town of Orange, named for William III, prince of Orange. In 1921 West Haven seceded

Nitrate

2005-02-01T20:31:00.000-08:00

Any member of either of two classes of compounds derived from nitric acid. The salts of nitric acid are ionic compounds containing the nitrate ion, NO-3, and a positive ion, such as NH 4 in ammonium nitrate. Esters of nitric acid are covalent compounds having the structure R-O-NO2, in which R represents an organic combining group, such as ethyl (C2H5) in ethyl nitrate. See also nitro

Hellenistic Romance

2005-01-31T04:02:00.000-08:00

Adventure tale, usually with a quasi-historical setting, in which a virtuous heroine and her valiant lover are separated by innumerable obstacles of human wickedness and natural catastrophe but are finally reunited. A precursor of the modern novel, the Hellenistic romance is the source for classic love stories, such as those of Hero and Leander, Pyramus and Thisbe,

Interior Design, Space planning

2005-01-31T00:45:00.000-08:00

Although many designers are engaged in residential interior design, there has been a marked shift away from that field since 1950, and more designers than ever work in the design of public, institutional, and commercial spaces. Space planning for business firms, governmental agencies, and institutions is a significant aspect of office design and is concerned primarily

Mu'tasim, Al-

2005-01-30T15:50:00.000-08:00

Succeeding his brother al-Ma'mun in 833, al-Mu'tasim was the first caliph to employ the Turkish mercenaries who later came to dominate the 'Abbasid dynasty. In 837 he crushed a revolt of Persian schismatics led by the rebel Babak, who was cooperating with the Greeks. After the Byzantine emperor Theophilus had laid waste the Muslim

Aesthetics, Emotion, response, and enjoyment

2005-01-30T13:07:00.000-08:00

It is natural to suppose that a spectator's response to King Lear is at least in part emotional, and that emotion plays a crucial role both in the enjoyment of art and in establishing the value of art. Moreover, it is not only art that stirs our emotions in the act of aesthetic attention: the same is or may be true of natural beauty whether that of a face or of a landscape. These

Cluster, Structure

2005-01-29T16:31:00.000-08:00

The abundance distributions for several kinds of clusters show that there are certain sizes of clusters with exceptional stability, analogous to the exceptional stability of the atoms of the inert gases helium, neon, argon, krypton, and xenon and of the so-called magic number nuclei - i.e., the sequence of unusually stable atomic nuclei beginning with the a-particle,

Salazar, Ant�nio De Oliveira

2005-01-28T09:30:00.000-08:00

Salazar, the son of an estate manager at Santa Comba D�o, was educated at the seminary at Viseu and at the University of Coimbra. He graduated from there in law in 1914 and became a professor specializing in economics at Coimbra. He helped form the Catholic Centre Party in 1921 and was

Andreini, Francesco

2005-01-28T03:05:00.000-08:00

Andreini began his career as a soldier but was captured by the Turks and held in slavery by them for several years. Upon his return to Italy,

Pittsburgh Glass

2005-01-27T09:05:00.000-08:00

American glassware produced from the end of the 18th century at numerous factories in that Pennsylvania city. Pittsburgh had the twin advantages of proximity to a source of cheap fuel (coal) and access to a good waterways system, which afforded an inexpensive means of distribution; thus, of the 50 glasshouses that sprang up in Pennsylvania between 1763 and 1850, 40 or more were situated

Consonant

2005-01-27T04:31:00.000-08:00

Any speech sound, such as that represented by t, g, f, or z, that is characterized by an articulation with a closure or narrowing of the vocal tract such that a complete or partial blockage of the flow of air is produced. Consonants are usually classified according to place of articulation (the location of the stricture made in the vocal tract, such as dental, bilabial, or

�r�faj�kull

2005-01-26T10:38:00.000-08:00

Ice-covered volcanic massif, southeastern Iceland. It lies at the southern end of the giant ice field of Vatnaj�kull (q.v.). Its highest peak, Mount Hvannadals, reaches an elevation of 6,952 feet (2,119 m) above sea level and is also the highest peak in Iceland.

Taiwan, Imperial Chinese rule

2005-01-26T08:14:00.000-08:00

In 1683, 20 years after Cheng Ch'eng-kung's death, the island fell to the Ch'ing and became part of Fukien Province. Meanwhile, sizable migrations of refugees, Ming supporters, had increased the population to about 200,000. As migrants streamed in from southeastern China, large areas in the north were settled. T'ai-nan (then called T'ai-wan) was the capital. By 1842 the population was estimated

Peter Iii

2005-01-25T17:59:00.000-08:00

King consort of Portugal from 1777, with Queen Maria I. The younger son of John V of Portugal, he was married in July 1760 to the daughter of his elder brother, King Joseph. When she became queen as Maria I (February 1777), Peter became nominally king. He devoted himself entirely to religious practices.

Ju�zeiro Do Norte

2005-01-25T09:53:00.000-08:00

Ju�zeiro do Norte was given city status in 1914. Its economy depends primarily on sugar milling and cotton processing. Cereal grains

Ashikaga Tadayoshi

2005-01-24T16:38:00.000-08:00

When in 1333 Takauji joined forces with the emperor Go-Daigo, Tadayoshi accompanied him, becoming a leading commander of the

Wilhelmina

2005-01-24T07:02:00.000-08:00

The daughter of King William III and his second wife, Emma of Waldeck-Pyrmont, Wilhelmina became queen on her father's death (Nov. 23, 1890) under her mother's regency. She

Theales

2005-01-23T22:41:00.000-08:00

Tea order of dicotyledonous flowering plants, a division of the subclass Dilleniidae. The members are mostly tropical trees and shrubs. Prominent among them are the plants that produce tea and the ornamental camellia.

Biblical Literature, The prophecies of First Isaiah

2005-01-23T02:02:00.000-08:00

First Isaiah contains the words and prophecies of Isaiah, a most important 8th-century BCE prophet of Judah, written either by himself or his contemporary followers in Jerusalem (from c. 740 to 700 BCE), along with some later additions, such as chapters 24 - 27 and 33 - 39. The first of these two additions was probably written by a later disciple or disciples of Isaiah about 500 BCE; the second addition is divided

Literature, Latin America.

2005-01-22T22:17:00.000-08:00

In 2001 many works explored Latin America's past and present social and political realities as well as offering variations on the theme of love. From Mexico, writer Carlos Fuentes returned to fantastic literature and to the theme of love's difficulties in Instinto de Inez. In La piel del cielo, Elena Poniatowska,

Saldanha Bay

2005-01-22T04:31:00.000-08:00

Afrikaans �Saldanhabaai, � deep, essentially landlocked harbour of the Atlantic Ocean, situated on the southwest coast of South Africa. Named after the early 16th-century Portuguese navigator Ant�nio de Saldanha, the bay is both larger and safer than Table Bay, which is located 65 miles (105 km) farther south-southeast. Saldanha Bay's former abundance of seals, fish, and guano deposits was long contested

Nicholas, Saint

2005-01-21T22:27:00.000-08:00

Nicholas's existence is not attested by any historical

TightDrop

West Berlin

Karbala', Battle Of

Argentina, Colonial centres

Sabot

Porsangen

Güyük

Dominance

Atholl, John Stewart, 4th Earl Of

India, Regional states, c. 17001850

Bhangra

Karaji, Al-

Wu-hsing

Smith, Seba

Bring me my wine

Incident in Chiswick London

Amphetamine and 80's Clubbing

My wayward strolls through East London

Furnivall, Frederick James

Chong Yak-jong

Computers, The personal computer revolution

Eindhoven

Gryphaea

Rhizopod

Ch�teau

Coimbra

Calarc�

Asher Ben Jehiel

Ear, Human, Detection of angular acceleration: dynamic equilibrium

Abraham, Plains Of

Ahmet Pasa Bursali

Houston, Sam

Kadamba Family

Holbach, Paul-henri Dietrich, Baron D'

Sashimi

Rob Roy

Alimony

Earth, Paleomagnetism

Priesthood, Hinduism

Hypoxia

Mufti, Sa'id Al-

Asian Games

Density

Nabighah, An-

Medicine, History Of, Hellenistic and Roman medicine

Density

Guinea

Arenite

Pabst, G.w.

Research And Development

Catch-as-catch-can Wrestling

Palestine, History Of

Tribe

Huitzilopochtli

Tribe

Alcalde

Boise

Yamaga Soko

Aerospace Industry, The first decade

Vries, Adriaen De

Alaska, Health and welfare

Air Warfare, Strategic bombing

Crocidolite

Fashoda Incident

Wars Of Yahweh, Book Of The

Macdiarmid, Alan G.

Amami Great Island

Kempe, William

Priene

Outremeuse, Jean D'

Porpora, Nicola (antonio Giacinto)

Peradeniya Botanic Gardens

Yanbu'

Cyprus, Flag Of

Arctic, Animals of the land and fresh water

Bukittinggi

'abd-us-samad, Khwaja

Valdivia

Orange

Nitrate

India, Regional states, c. 17001850